Istanbul Airport

Istanbul Airport ATC Tower

Istanbul Airport (IATA: IST, ICAO: LTFM) is the biggest airport in Turkiye. Located in north west of Istanbul, the airport is the busiest and biggest airport in Europe as per 2022 statistics of EuroControl. The airport has 5 runways, fuel farm, dedicated cargo area consisting of 5 apron (29 heavy stands), several warehouses and facilities (biggest one being Turkish Cargo followed by DHL and UPS), and is home to world's biggest airport terminal (under one roof).

The airport has not been completed. As of January 2023, only Phase 1a and 1b is finished. The final phase of the airport includes 8 runways, 2 terminals with 1 satellite terminal.

Istanbul Airport Current and Planned Layout

Sceneries

Payware

There are multiple payware options depending on the simulator for Istanbul Airport. You can find more information from the table below.

Simulator	Developer	Publisher	Links
P3D v4/v5	SceneryTR	SceneryTR	https://secure.simmarket.com/scenerytr-stanbul-airport-ltfm.phtml
X-Plane	SceneryTR	Aerosoft	https://secure.simmarket.com/aerosoft-airport-istanbul-x-plane-11.phtml
MSFS 2020	SceneryTR	SceneryTR	Can be bought from MarketPlace OR https://secure.simmarket.com/scenerytr-istanbul-airport-ltfm_msfs.phtml

Freeware

SceneryTR - Istanbul Airport in Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020

There are also freeware options available for Istanbul Airport. However there is significant difference in quality.

Simulator	Developer	Publisher	Links
FSX/P3D	Hakan Daghan, Kamil Uzun, Erman Gokman Pilicoglu, Muhtesem Firtina Ozcinar	Turkish Virtual	https://turkishvirtual.com/turkishvirtual_LTFM_scenerys.asp
X-Plane	Mali Oguducu, Hayri Buberci, Kamil Uzun, Muhtesem Firtina Ozcinar	Turkish Virtual	https://turkishvirtual.com/turkishvirtual_LTFM_scenerys.asp
MSFS 2020	Hayri Buberci, Mali Oguducu, Kamil UZUN, M Firtina Ozcinar	Turkish Virtual	https://turkishvirtual.com/turkishvirtual_LTFM_scenerys.asp

Arrival Procedures

Istanbul Airport is located within Yesilkoy TMA (Terminal Manoeuvring Area). Yesilkoy TMA covers Istanbul Airport (LTFM), Sabiha Gokcen Airport (LTFJ), Ataturk Airport (LTBA), Samandira Airbase (LTBX), Corlu Ataturk Airport (LTBU), Hezarfen Municipal Airport (LTBW), Cengiz Topel Airport (LTBQ), Canakkale Airport (LTBH), Bursa Yunuseli Airport (LTBE) and Bursa Yenisehir Airport (LTBQ).

Istanbul Airport utilizes RNAV in all of its procedures. In addition, P-RNAV (Precision-Area Navigation, RNP1) capability is required. If unable, pilot must inform the controller so that aircraft can be given radar vectors to final. Arrival into Istanbul Airport might seem complicated to some pilots however it is actually very simple. LTFM STARs utilize PMS (Point Merge System) for efficient airspace control, separation, and to control traffic flow within Yesilkoy TMA. All STARs utilize idle descent philosophy until PMS entry. These point merge systems act as an arc of a circle and ease air traffic control.

STARs

The STARs at Istanbul airport are designed to be ambiguous between the active runways. For instance, if northern config is active, RILEX2A STAR will end at IMREN waypoint, and IMREN is IAF (Initial Approach Fix) for all approach procedures for all northern runways. This means, whether you land at 34L, 35R or 36 (when north config is active), you still use the same STAR procedure for all runways. You can find the STAR designator table on the next page.

Active Runway Configuration
North Configuration uses the following STAR identifiers. Type STARs Standard (uses default PMS) 2A Alternative* (uses opposite PMS) *not applicable to DRAMO and INBET STARs 2N
South Configuration uses the following STAR identifiers. Type STARs Standard (uses default PMS) 2B Alternative* (uses opposite PMS) *not applicable to RILEX STARs 2P

As Istanbul Airport utilizes multiple configurations depending on traffic, weather, congestion, NOTAMs etc. You might be cleared to a different STAR compared to another traffic that is flying exactly the same route as you. Default designators for northern config (34/35/36) is 2A and default designator for southern configuration (16/17/18) is 2B. These STARs keep the traffic arriving west to use the west PMS and traffic arriving from east to use the east PMS. 2N and 2P STARs are designed to ease the workload of a PMS, by making the traffic to use the opposite PMS (traffic arriving from west to use the east PMS or to enter PMS from north instead of south at different altitude e.g).

North Config

• 

  ATPIX 2A, ERSEN 2N and RIXEN 2N

• 

  ATPIX 2N

• 

  DRAMO 2A and INBET 2A

• 

  ERSEN 2A and SISPI 2A

• 

  RILEX 2A and RIXEN 2A

• 

  RILEX 2N

South Config

• 

  DRAMO 2B, 2P and INBET 2B, 2P

• 

  ERSEN 2B and SISPI 2B

• 

  ERSEN 2P and SISPI 2P

• 

  RILEX 2B and RIXEN 2B

• 

  RIXEN 2P and ATPIX 2B

Transitions and Approach Phase

ILS-X 35R Approach (showing both IMREN and SADIK transition)

ILS-Z Approach (showing both IMREN and SADIK transition)

As mentioned previously, Istanbul Airport utilizes Point-Merge System. Each PMS leads to last point of the STAR and the entry point of the approach transition . For northern config, IAF for west PMS is IMREN, for east config it is SADIK. For south config, IAF for west PMS is INSTA and for east PMS it is DIVDI. Flying the correct transition is crucial and must. Each pilot is responsible for selecting the correct transition. This transition is NOT a STAR transition but transition for the approach procedure. There are different approach procedures and each has different transition phase (both laterally and vertically), go around procedure and used differently to streamline the independent parallel approach procedure . As a pilot, you must make sure you have programmed your FMS using the correct approach procedure and transition. If ATC clears the traffic for ILS-X 35R via IMREN transition, it is pilot's responsibility to fly ILS-X approach via IMREN transition. Since transitions are a must as they play a crucial role in the independent parallel approach procedure, pilot's must fly the transition both laterally and vertically at all times. If the transition is not selected correctly in the aircraft's FMS, the plane will fly directly to FAF, skipping the transition completely. This is not allowed for approach procedure into Istanbul as each approach procedure and transition is very different than one another, both laterally and vertically. You can see an example of how ILS-X and ILS-Z transition differs from the pictures below (you can see they are both laterally and vertically different).

Ground Layout

Istanbul airport is on the list of biggest airports as per surface area, with staggering 76.5 million m² of land area. The airport has 5 runways, 34L/16R, 34R/16L, 35L/17R, 35R/17L and 36/18. Between RWYs 34 and 35, the main MRO and cargo area can be found. Between RWY 35 and 36, main passenger terminal and the stands can be found. Most gates and stands utilize MARS (Multiple Aircraft Ramp System). This increases the efficiency and gate usage significantly. With the MARS system, one gate can be shared by either 2 small to medium aircraft or 1 heavy (widebody) aircraft. In Istanbul Airport, MARS system uses L (as left) and R (as right) abbreviations for medium/split gates. For instance B4 gate is used by either 1 heavy aircraft or 2 medium aircrafts use B4L (Gate B 4 Left) and B4R (Gate B 4 Right).

LTFM Aerodrome Chart

Aprons and Terminal

Main Passenger Terminal and Terminal Contact Apron

Main Passenger Terminal and Terminal Contact Apron

Passenger terminal at Istanbul Airport both house international and domestic traffic. The gates are split into piers and identifiers.

Terminal split showing international and domestic areas

Gates/Pier	International	Domestic
A Gates	X
B Gates	X
C Gates	X
D Gates	X
E Gates	X
F Gates	X*	F1
G Gates		X

C and E gates are only medium gates and are connected directly to the main building. A, B, C, D, F and G gates are located in their respective piers.

A Pier

A gates/pier is only for international flights. Gate A9 is the only gate that does not have MARS system. Gate A2 is only the one of the 2 gates that is equipped with third jetbridge, which is used for A380 flights.

B Pier

B gates/pier is used located in international area of the terminal and only international flights use these gates. Gates B1, B3, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10, B12 and B18 utilize MARS system. Gates B4, B13, B14, B15, B16, B17 are heavy gates. Gate B2 is only to be used by small to medium aircraft.

C Gates

C gates are located in the West Cul-de-Sac of the terminal complex and have only 4 gates. All gates (C1, C2, C3, C4) are to medium gates.

D Pier

D Pier is used heavily by long range flights due to being the most heavy gates. Out of 19 gates, only gates D1, D2, D3, D4 are medium gates. Rest of them are heavy only.

E Gates

Just like C gates, E gates have only gates (E1, E2, E3, E4). They are located in the East Cul-de-Sac.

F Pier

F pier has mix of gates and flights. Gate F2 is medium only whereas gates F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F12, F13 use MARS. Gates F14, F15, F16, F17, F18, F19 are heavy only gates. F1 gate uses MARS however is domestic only.

Apron 1 stands

G Pier

G pier is to be used only for domestic flights. Entire G pier utilizes MARS.

Apron 1

Apron 1 is located north of Terminal Area, situated between taxiways D and G. It contains 33 medium stands (100-132 and 149) and 16 MARS stands (133-148).

Apron 2 and 3

Apron 2 and 3 Stands

Apron 2 is situated south of A pier and Apron 3 is located south of G pier. Both aprons contain MARS and narrowbody-only stands. 2xx stands represent stands located in apron 2 and 3xx stands in apron 3. Stands 218, 219, 225 and 226 are used by Turkish Technic and should not be used. Stands 316, 317, 318, 319 is used only for VIP.

For Apron 2:

• 200 - 214 -> Medium gates
• 220 - 224 -> MARS

Cargo aprons and stands

For Apron 3:

• 300 - 312 -> Medium gates
• 313 - 315 -> MARS

Cargo and MRO Aprons

Located between runways 34R/16L and 35L/17R, there are 5 cargo aprons and 2 MRO aprons. Cargo stands start with K. Stands K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9 all utilize MARS wheres the remaining stands K10-K21 (used ONLY by Turkish Cargo) and K50-K57 are heavy gates. 4xx and 5xx stands are used only by Turkish Technic.

Pushback Procedures

Each gate/stand in Istanbul Airport has published standard and alternative pushback procedure. These procedures increase efficiency of the aprons, gates, ground movements and streamline the traffic flow through out the airport. You might see abbreviations such as PSN. There are "Pushback Positions" which act as point where aircraft should pushback to.

Pushback Procedures of A Pier - Standard

Pushback Procedures of Southwest Area - Alternative

Pushback Procedures for A9-A10-A11 Gates - Standard

Southwest Area | A Pier

Stand	Pushback Procedure	Caution	Phraseology
A2L thru A2R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face North and continue push until TWY E8 will remain clear of ACFT.	HS8 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands A2L, A2, B1 and B1R).	Pushback Approved Face North
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face South and continue push until TWY E8 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face South
A3L thru A7R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face North.		Pushback Approved Face North
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face South.		Pushback Approved Face South
A8L thru A8R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face North. TWY E5 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face North
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face South.		Pushback Approved Face South
A9	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face South.		Pushback Approved Face South
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face North, then pulled forward until TWY E5 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face North
A10 A11	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY E3 to face North until its nosewheel is at the PSN5 point.	E2 TWY is CAT C.	Pushback Approved PSN5
A10L, A10R A11L, A11R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY E3 to face North until its nosewheel is at the PSN5 point.		Pushback Approved PSN5
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY E2 to face North and continue push until TWY T2 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face North on E2 TWY

Pushback procedures for northwest area of B pier - standard

Pushback procedures for northwest area of B pier - alternate

Terminal Contact Apron | Northwest Area

Stand	Pushback Procedure	Caution	Phraseology
B1L thru B1R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face South and continue push until TWY E8 will remain clear of ACFT.	HS8 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands A2L, A2, B1 and B1R).	Pushback Approved Face South
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face North and continue push until TWY E8 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face North
B3L thru B3R B5L thru B5R B7L thru B7R B9L thru B9R B12L thru B12R B13	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face South.		Pushback Approved Face South
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T2 to face North.		Pushback Approved Face North
B14 B15 B16	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY NW to face West.	The ACFT pushing back from stand B14 facing East should pull forward until T2 TWY is clear.	Pushback Approved Face West
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY NW to face East.		Pushback Approved Face East

Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - standard

Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - alternative

Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - standard

Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - alternative -2

Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac end - C gates - Standard

Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac end - C gates - alternative

Terminal Contact Apron | West Cul-de-Sac Area

Stand	Pushback Procedure	Caution	Phraseology
B10L thru B10R B17 B18L thru B18R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South. Taxi out via TC TWY.	The ACFT pushing back from stand B17 should pull forward until NW TWY is clear. CAT D and E ACFTs pushing back face South shall use TWY TC.	Pushback Approved Face South
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T3 facing North.		Pushback Approved Face North
D13 D15 D17	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T5 facing North.	CAT D and E ACFTs pushing back face South shall use TWY TC.	Pushback Approved Face North
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T5 facing South.		Pushback Approved Face South
D19	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T5 facing North.		Pushback Approved Face North
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY NW facing East and continue push until TWY T3 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face East on NW TWY
B4	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South and continue push until its nosewheel is at PSN1 point. Taxi out via TC TWY.	HS4 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands B2, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, D1, D3 and D5).	Pushback Approved PSN1
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South, then pulled forward until its nosewheel is at the PSN2 point on TWY T5 facing North.		Pushback Approved PSN2
B6L thru B6R B8L thru B8R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South and continue push until its nosewheel is at the PSN1 point.Taxi out via TC TWY.	HS6 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands B6R and B8L). CAT D and E ACFTs pushing back face South shall use TWY TC.	Pushback Approved PSN1
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T3 facing North abeam stand B6, TWY TC will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face North Abeam Stand B6
D7 D9 D11	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T5 facing North, then pulled forward until its nosewheel is at the PSN2 point.	CAT D and E ACFT pushing back face South shall use TWY TC.	Pushback Approved PSN2
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T5 facing South and continue push until abeam stand D11. Taxi out via TC TWY.		Pushback Approved Face South Abeam Stand D11
B2 C3 C4	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South. Taxi out via T5 TWY.	HS4 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands B2, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, D1, D3 and D5).	Pushback Approved Face South on T3 TWY
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY facing West abeam stand C2. Taxi out via T3 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face West
C1 C2 D1 D3 D5	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY facing East abeam stand C3. Taxi out via T5 TWY.	HS4 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands B2, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, D1, D3 and D5).	Pushback Approved Face East
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T5 facing South abeam stand D7. Taxi out via T3 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face South on T5 TWY

Pushback Procedures for east cul-de-sac - standard

Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac - alternative

Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact - standard

Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact area - alternative

Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact gates - standard

Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact area - alternative

Terminal Contact Apron | East Cul-de-Sac Area

Stand	Pushback Procedure	Caution	Phraseology
D12 D14 D16	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North.	CAT D and E ACFTs pushing back face South shall use TWY TD.	Pushback Approved Face North
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing South.		Pushback Approved Face South
D20	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North.		Pushback Approved Face North
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY NE facing West and continue push until TWY T9 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face Wast on NE TWY
F12L thru F12R F14	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South.	CAT D and E ACFTs pushing back face South shall use TWY TD.	Pushback Approved Face South
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing North.		Pushback Approved Face North
D6 D8 D10	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North, then pulled forward until its nosewheel is at the PSN4 point.	CAT D and E ACFTs pushing back face South shall use TWY TD.	Pushback Approved PSN4
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing South and continue push until abeam stand D10.		Pushback Approved Face South Abeam Stand D10
F4L thru F4R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South and continue push until its nosewheel is at the PSN3 point.	HS5 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands D2, D4, E1, E2, E3, E4, F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).	Pushback Approved PSN3
F4	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South then pulled forward until its nosewhell is at the PSN 4 on TWY T7 face North.		Pushback Approved PSN4
F4L F4R	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY facing East abeam stand E3. Taxi out via T9 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face East
D2 D4 E1 E2	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY facing West abeam stand E3. Taxi out via T7 TWY.	HS5 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands D2, D4, E1, E2, E3, E4, F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).	Pushback Approved Face West
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing South abeam D6. Taxi out via T9 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face North Abeam Stand F6
E3	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South abeam stand F4. Taxi out via T7 TWY.	HS5 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands D2, D4, E1, E2, E3, E4, F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).	Pushback Approved Face South on T9 TWY
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing South abeam stand D6. Taxi out via T9 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face South on T7 TWY
E4 F2	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South abeam stand F4 Taxi out via T7 TWY.	HS5 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands D2, D4, E1, E2, E3, E4, F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).	Pushback Approved Face South on T9 TWY
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY facing East abeam stand E3. Taxi out via T9 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face East

Terminal Contact Apron | Northwest area

Stand	Pushback Procedure	Caution	Phraseology
F1L thru F1R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T11 facing South and continue push until TWY F6 will remain clear of ACFT.	HS9 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands F1L, F1 and G2, G2R).	Pushback Approved Face South
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T11 facing North and continue push until TWY F6 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face North
D20	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North.		Pushback Approved Face North
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY NE facing West and continue push until TWY T9 will remain clear of ACFT.		Pushback Approved Face Wast on NE TWY
F12L thru F12R F14	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South.The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North.	CAT D and E ACFTs pushing back face South shall use TWY TD.	Pushback Approved Face South
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing North.The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North.		Pushback Approved Face North
D6 D8 D10	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North, then pulled forward until its nosewheel is at the PSN4 point	CAT D and E ACFTs pushing back face South shall use TWY TD.	Pushback Approved PSN4
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing South and continue push until abeam stand D10.The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North.		Pushback Approved Face South Abeam Stand D10
F4L thru F4R	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South and continue push until its nosewheel is at the PSN3 point.	HS5 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands D2, D4, E1, E2, E3, E4, F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).	Pushback Approved PSN3
F4	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South then pulled forward until its nosewhell is at the PSN 4 on TWY T7 face North The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing North.		Pushback Approved PSN4
F4L F4R	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY facing East abeam stand E3. Taxi out via T9 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face East
D2 D4 E1 E2	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY facing West abeam stand E3. Taxi out via T7 TWY.	HS5 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands D2, D4, E1, E2, E3, E4, F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).	Pushback Approved Face West
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing South abeam D6. Taxi out via T9 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face North Abeam Stand F6
E3	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South abeam stand F4. Taxi out via T7 TWY.	HS5 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands D2, D4, E1, E2, E3, E4, F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).	Pushback Approved Face South on T9 TWY
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T7 facing South abeam stand D6. Taxi out via T9 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face South on T7 TWY
E4 F2	Standard The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY T9 facing South abeam stand F4 Taxi out via T7 TWY.	HS5 (Be aware of the ACFT pushbacks from stands D2, D4, E1, E2, E3, E4, F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).	Pushback Approved Face South on T9 TWY
	Alternate The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line onto TWY facing East abeam stand E3. Taxi out via T9 TWY.		Pushback Approved Face East

Taxi Procedures

Istanbul Airport is very big and might seem scary regarding all the taxiways and size however the pre-defined taxi procedures make it very easy for both pilots and ATC. This section outlines these procedures, taxi limits, speed limits and terminal area.

Terminal Area

Main terminal has predefined exits and routes. These predefined routes and directions help ease the traffic flow and ground movement in the airport. As it can be seen below from the picture, the

Diagram showing Terminal apron exits and directions, taxiways to be used.